have turned out

πᾰρά [pron. full] [ρᾰ], [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also [full] παραί: shortd. [full] πάρ, in Hom., Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A.Supp. 553, S.Tr. 636), and in all dial ects exc. [dialect] Att., GDI5434.8 ([place name] Paros), IG5(2).3.14 (Tegea, iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn.26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.

A beside: hence,

A WITH GEN. prop. denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:

I of Place,

πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν Il.13.744

;

παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ' 12.225

, etc.;

παρ' Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη Od.22.197

;

πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται Il.8.533

, etc.;

δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194

;

φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190

, cf. 21.173;

σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473

; πλευρὰ παρ' ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield, 4.468, cf. A.Th. 624.

II commonly of Persons,

1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc.,

ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός Il.2.787

;

παρ' Αἰήταο πλέουσα Od.12.70

, etc.;

ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος Hdt.8.140

.

ά; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως X.An.1.7.13

;

ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ' Ἀριστάρχου D.21.117

; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, X.Cyr.4.5.53; so

οἱ π. τινός Th.7.10

, Ev.Marc.3.21, etc.;

ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν X.An.1.1.5

, etc.; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ' Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, Il.18.137, cf. 617, etc.;

ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός X.An.2.1.20

;

σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ' ἐμοῦ λέγε Luc.DMort.1.2

.

2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, Pl.Smp. 179b; λόγος (sc. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων c. acc. et inf., Hdt.8.55: freq. following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων glory from (given by) men, Pl.Phdr. 232a; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, X.Mem.2.2.12; τὸ παρ' ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Id.Cyr.5.5.13; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, Id.An.2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, Id.Mem.3.11.13; τὰ παρ' ἐμοῦ my opinions, Pl.Smp. 219a; παρ' ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt. 2.129, 8.5;

παρ' ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει X.HG6.1.3

; νόμον θὲς παρ' ἐμοῦ by my advice, Pl.Prt. 322d; αὐτοὶ παρ' αὑτῶν of themselves, Id.Tht. 150d, cf. Phdr. 235c.

3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like ,

τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός Od.6.290

, 15.158;

πὰρ δ' ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452

;

ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν Pi.P.1.76

;

εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν Isoc.9.14

, cf. IG12.40.10; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, Th.1.20, X.Oec.9.11, Hes.Th. 914; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, S.El. 870 (lyr.), X.HG3.1.4;

ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα Pl.R. 406d

;

κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων Id.Mx. 236e

: without Verb,

ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων IG12.76.27

: with Verbs of learning, etc.,

μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν Hdt.2.104

, etc.

4 with [voice] Pass. Verbs,

πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη Il.15.122

;

π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται Pl.Phdr. 245c

, etc.; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, X.Cyr.1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα ib.6.1.42; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., Isoc.4.26;

με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι Pl.Smp. 175e

.

III rarely for παρά c. dat., by, near,

πὰρ ποδός Pi.P.10.62

, 3.60; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων dub. l. in S.Ant. 966 (lyr.);

τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως IG12.81.5

; πολλοὶ παρ' ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, = ἀμφοτέρωθεν, D.S.19.42.

IV π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, BCH46.337 ([place name] Teos).

B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?

I of Places, κατ' ἂρ ἕζετ'.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, Od.7.154, 9.319;

νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408

;

ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν Il.8.565

; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, 14.411, etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door, 7.346;

π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773

;

δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ' ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο Od.6.97

, cf. Il.4.475, 20.53, etc.;

κεῖσθαι παρ' Ἅιδῃ S.OT 972

; παρ' οἴνῳ over wine, ib. 780, etc.

II of persons, beside,

πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον Od.15.285

;

κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ Il.9.556

, cf. 6.246, etc.;

παρ' ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι Od.5.119

;

δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243

; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, Il.4.367.

2 at one's house or place, with one,

μένειν π. τισί 9.427

;

θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ' ἀκλήρῳ Od.11.490

;

φιλέεσθαι π. τινί Il.13.627

; παρ' ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, Hdt.1.105, cf. 86;

παιδευθῆναι π. τινί X.Cyr.1.2.15

;

καταλύειν π. τινί D.18.82

(but

παρά τινα καταλῦσαι Th.1.136

), etc.: hence οἱ παρ' ἐμοί those of my household, X.Mem.2.7.4, etc.; τὰ παρ' ἐμοί life with me, Id.An. 1.7.4; οἱ παρ' ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, Pl.Phd. 64b; ἡ παρ' ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ' ὑμῖν δῆμος, D.15.19; ὁ παρ' αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, S.OT 612;

τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν πῦρ Pl.Phlb. 29f

;

ὅσος παρ' ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται S.OT 382

;

τὸ παρ' ἡμῖν σῶμα Pl.Phlb. 29f

; also, in one's hands,

τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα IG12.91.6

;

ἔχειν παρ' ἑωυτῷ Hdt. 1.130

, etc.; οὔπω παρ' ἐμοὶ τότ' ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, Men.Epit.98.

3 before, in the presence of,

ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν Od. 1.154

; before a judge,

δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ IG12.16.9

;

π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ Hdt.3.160

;

π. τῷ βασιλέϊ Id.4.65

;

παρὰ δικασταῖς Th. 1.73

;

εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί D.18.13

: hence παρ' ἐμοί in my judgement, Hdt.1.32, cf. S.Tr. 589, E.Heracl. 881, 1 Ep.Cor.3.19; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, Pl.Grg. 510e.

4 in quoting authors, παρ' Ἐφόρῳ, παρ' Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., Plb. 9.2.4, D.H.Comp.9,18.

III Arc., = π. c. gen., from,

καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι SIG559.9

(Megalop., iii B. C.), cf. 558.10 (Ithaca, iii B. C.).

C WITH ACCUS. in three main senses,

I beside, near, by,

II along,

III past, beyond.

I beside, near, by:

1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to,

ἴτην π. νῆας Il.1.347

, cf. 8.220, etc.;

βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34

, cf. 327, etc.; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., 21.603, cf. 3.187: more freq. of persons, εἶμι παρ' Ἥφαιστον to the chamber of H., 18.143, cf. Od.1.285, etc.;

ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους Th.2.51

, etc.;

φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη Pl.Phd. 59d

; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, Hdt. 1.141, Th.1.58, etc.;

ἄγειν π. τινά Hdt.1.86

;

καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς Th.2.17

.

2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sts. with ref. to past motion (expressed in such phrases as

ἧσο παρ' αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα Il.3.406

, cf. 11.577),

ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ' Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον Od.4.51

, cf. 13.372; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ' ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., Il.4.487, cf. 12.381; παρ' ἔμ' ἵστασο come and stand by me, 11.314, cf. 592, 20.49, etc.;

π. πυθμέν' ἐλαίης θῆκαν Od.13.122

;

καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια IG12.94.28

; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., Od.12.32, cf. 3.460;

ὁ παρ' ἐμὲ καθήμενος Pl.Euthd. 271b

, cf. Phd. 89b; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, LXX Ge.19.1, Ev.Marc. 10.46;

παρ' αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι Thphr.Char. 21.2

, cf. Pl.Smp. 175c;

ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν Id.Ly. 211a

, cf. R. 328c;

στὰς παρ' αὐτόν Id.Phd. 116c

;

τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ' ὄχθας Il.12.313

, cf. 6.34, IG12.943.45;

τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ' ὃν ᾤκει Aeschin.3.90

;

κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν Hdt.4.87

;

τὴν παρ' ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν Id.8.140

.ά (v.l. ἐμοί)

; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ' ἑαυτόν X.Cyr.1.4.18

, cf. An.1.9.31, Ar.Fr. 451, Is.8.16, Alex.248, Demetr.Com. Nov.1.5, IG22.654.23 (iii B. C.), Plb.3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3;

ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία Th.2.99

, cf. S.El. 184 (lyr.), Tr. 636 (lyr.);

Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον IG12.204.52

;

τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς Lys.23.3

, cf. And.1.62, Is.6.20, 8.35, Aeschin. 1.182, 3.88, Lycurg.112;

τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ' Ἀπόλλωνα IG42

(1).109 iii 146 (Epid.); παρ' ὄμμα before one's eyes, E.Supp. 484; π. πόδας on the spot, Phld.Ir.p.78 W., Rh.2.2 S.; immediately thereafter, Plb.1.7.5, 1.8.2, al.

b [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., and Thess., = supr. B. 11.2, at the house of.., with a person, IG7.3171.7 (Orchom. [dialect] Boeot.), GDI 1717 (Delph.); παρ' ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] Ar.Ach. 759 (Megar.);

τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ IG9(2).517.18

(Larissa, iii B. C.); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος ib.13;

πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ Schwyzer 425.5

(Elis, iii/ii B. C.): so in [dialect] Att., θέμενος π. γυναῖκας depositing with.., Pl. R. 465c.

3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc.,

βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν Il.4.480

, etc.;

τὸν δ' ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146

;

τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ' αὐχένα 21.117

, cf. 4.525, 8.325, etc.;

αἰχμὴ δ' ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα 5.293

, cf. 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν ib. 290.

4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with..,

ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος Pl.Grg. 475e

, cf. Hp.Mi. 369c, Smp. 214c, R. 348a;

ἐξέτασον παρ' ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα D.18.265

;

ἄλλα παρ' ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων Arist.Mete. 375a24

.

b Geom., παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, Euc.1.44, Archim.Aequil.2.1;

π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα Pl. Men. 87a

; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg.Con.1.11: hence,

c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (v.

παραβάλλω A.

VII. 2);

μερίζω τι π. τι Dioph.4.33

; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by 3 and divide by 10, PLond.5.1718.2 (vi A. D.).

5 Geom., parallel to.., Democr.155, Arist. Top. 158b31, Archim.Sph. Cyl.1.12, al.

6 metaph. in Gramm., like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, Sch.Ar.Av. 1240, Nu. 584.

b Gramm., of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] Pl.Cra. 398d, cf. 399a, Lg. 654a: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, A.D. Pron.31.16; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα Sch.A.R.2.624;

σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός Phryn.PSp.24

B.

7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usu. implying superiority,

δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ' ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν Hdt.2.160

, cf. 7.20, 103;

ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν Th.1.23

, cf. 4.6;

τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν Id.1.41

;

π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι X.Mem.1.4.14

;

φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία Pl.R. 584a

, cf. Phdr. 236d, La. 183c, al.;

εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας BCH26.332

([place name] Halae);

προετέρει π. πάντας PSI 4.422.34

(iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους a little lower than the angels, LXX Ps. 8.6; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, Gem.8.19; so perh. παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, Antiph.234; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72; τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S.Aj. 475; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves)

πᾶσαν ἡμέραν Ep.Rom.14.5

.

8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, E.IT 732, cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.);

παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν S.Ant.35

; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, Isoc.5.79, D.61.51;

παρ' ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα X.An.6.6.11

; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ' οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, S.OT 983, cf. Ant. 466;

παρ' οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις E.Or. 569

;

οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα Arr.An.1.18.6

; so perh. π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, Hdt.1.120.

b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib.1.100.4 (iii B. C.).

9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), BCH50.214 (Thasos, v B. C.);

πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον Ar.Ra. 643

; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, D.59.46; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU1198.12 (i B. C.); τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (sc. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, ib.956.3 (iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun, παρ' ἡμέρην, opp. καθ' ἡμέρην, tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp.Aph.1.12; καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, Arr.Epict.2.18.13; π. μίαν every second day, Plb.3.110.4; παρ' ἐνιαυτόν every second year, Plu.Cleom.15; παρ' ἔτος year and year about, Arist.GA 757a7; every second year, Paus.8.15.2; π. μέρος by turns (v. μέρος II. 2);

ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις Corn. ND28

; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, Arist.HA 582b4, cf. Plu.2.942e; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG5(2).422 ([place name] Phigalea), cf. Arr.Epict. l.c.; ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, Nicom.Ar.1.18; ἕνα π. δύο ([etym.] τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.; παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, E.Heracl. 611.

10 precisely at the moment of, παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D.18.13, 21.26;

ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον IG12.188.31

; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D.20.41,46; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, Plu.Ant.63;

π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν Jul.Or.1.10b

; π. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, Hld.9.2;

π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν Ael.NA14.10

.

b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, Hdt.1.32;

ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων X.Oec.20.18

; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, Tab.Heracl. 1.101;

π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον IG12(7).5.14

([place name] Amorgos); παρ' ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, B.Fr.7; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, Tab.Heracl.1.122; παρ' ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, Arist.HA 571a21;

τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς Id.Pr. 881b26

;

ἡ παρ' ἡμέραν χάρις D.8.70

;

τὸ παρ' ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ Pl. Lg. 705a

.

c παρ' ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ .. to-day and to-morrow, Pi.P.11.63; but παρ' ἦμαρ to-morrow, S. OC 1455 (lyr.).

d throughout a period of time,

π. τὴν ζόην Hdt. 7.46

;

π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα Pl.Lg. 733a

;

π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον D.18.10

; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, Hdt.2.121.

δ; π. τὸν πότον Aeschin.2.156

;

π. τὴν κύλικα Plu.Ant.24

; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, Id.2.737a,674f.

II along,

ὄνος παρ' ἄρουραν ἰών Il.11.558

;

βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352

;

π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν Od. 11.21

;

ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον Hdt.7.193

;

π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν Isoc.4.148

; ὀρθὴν παρ' οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, E.Alc. 835;

παρ' ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα Plb.10.30.3

; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων ib.9; for παραβάλλειν π., v. supr. c. 1.4b.

2 strictly according to, without deviating from,

εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν Thgn. 945

, cf. S.Fr.474.5; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A.Ag. 1045; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, D.27.34.

III past, beyond,

παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο Il.22.145

, cf. Od.3.172, 24.12;

βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς h.Ap. 425

; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, X.Cyr.5.2.29; παρ' αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., Ar.Av. 390.

2 metaph., over and above, in addition to,

οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ' ἄλλα Id.Nu. 698

;

π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι Pl.Phd. 74a

, cf.R. 337d, D.18.139, X.HG 1.5.5; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, Id.Ages.5.3, cf. Mem.4.4.1, Oec.20.16;

ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους Pl. Ion 539e

.

3 metaph., in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.13.787, cf. Th.1.70, Hyp.Lyc.16, Arist.Rh.Al. 1423b29;

π. τὴν δ. Id.Po. 1451b38

.

4 metaph., in transgression or violation of,

π. μοῖραν Od.14.509

;

π. μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp. 14.10

; παρ' αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.P.8.13, O.2.16, etc.;

π. τὸ δίκαιον Th.5.90

, etc.; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, Id.1.67, X.HG1.7.14;

π. φύσιν Th.6.17

, cf. Pl.Lg. 747b; π. τὴν στήλην prob. in IG12.45.20; π. καιρόν out of season, Pi.O.8.24, etc.; π. γνώμαν ib.12.10, cf. A.Supp. 454; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, Th.3.93, 1.84, Plb.2.38.5; παρ' ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, A.Ag. 899, S.Ant. 392, etc.; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, Pi.N.7.69;

π. τὴν ἀξίαν Th.7.77

, etc.; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, Id.4.17, 1.98.

5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, = παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id.3.49, cf. 7.2; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', ' with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id.1.29, 2.89, cf. Pl. Ap. 36a; παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E.IT 870 (lyr.);

παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο Th.7.71

; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, Ar.Pl. 445; παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc.Nec.17, etc.; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, Hyp.Eux.28, cf. D.23.205;

π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως Is.3.37

; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., Th.8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν ib.29; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, Isoc.4.59.

b in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (

τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ Arist.Ph. 197a29

), within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (sc. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking E., Th.4.106; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., Isoc. 19.22, cf. Plb.1.43.7, Plu. Caes. 39; παρ' ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, Th.8.76; παρ' οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him),

ἐξεκήρυξαν δ' ἐκ πόλεως Aeschin. 3.258

, cf. Plu.Pyrrh. 14, Alex.62; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, Luc.Cat.4;

παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα Hdt.9.33

;

παρ' οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν Plb.1.45.14

, cf. 2.55.4, D.S.17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less) by one, i.e. less one, Nicom.Ar.1.8; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, = 39, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24; παρ' ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, Plu. Publ.9; σύ μοι παρ' ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, Luc.Cat.4;

δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν Heph.4.2

; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, PMasp.70.2 (vi A. D.); πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), Plu.Cat.Mi.20, Ant.5;

ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο IG5(1).801

([place name] Laconia); of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear ([etym.] ἄρκος) all but a letter, AP11.231 (Ammian.); ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (lit. less something) lost his sight, Vett.Val.228.6; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in Ev.Luc.5.7; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, PTeb.99.10 (ii B. C.), cf. POxy.264.4 (i A. D.), PAmh.2.148.5 (v A. D.); hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., Str.6.1.3, cf. 14.5.11, Plu.2.24c.

6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies,

τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται Polyclit.2

(cf. μικρός III. 5 c); διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., Arist.HA 486b5;

μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα Gem. 5.29

, cf. 11.5, al.; π. τὰ πράγματα cj. in Apollod.Car.11.

7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (

τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός Arist.APr. 65b6

, cf. 48a24, al.), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake of unsatisfying food, Pi.O.2.65; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, Th.1.141, cf. Isoc.3.48; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, Antipho 3.4.5, cf. Isoc.6.52, D.4.11, 18.232; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, Id.9.2; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., 1 Ep.Cor.12.15; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, IPE12.32B35 (Olbia, iii B. C.);

οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων Lycurg.63

, cf. Plb.3.103.2, 18.28.6, al.; οὐδεὶς παρ' ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone, Aristeas 224;

παρ' αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ Arr.Epict.3.24.2

, cf. Phld.Rh.2.16 S.;

παρ' ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις Hierocl. in CA25p.477M.

; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., Pl.Lg. 715d, cf. X.Eq.Mag.1.5, D.C.Fr.36.5;

π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται Epict.Ench.51.2

; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, UPZ7.13 (ii B. C.);

π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν LXX Ge.29.20

, cf. Ex.14.11; later more loosely, because of.., Phld.Rh.1.158 S., Gem.6.24, etc.; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, PRyl.243.6 (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1420.7 (ii A. D.).

8 of a limit of possibility,

εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς D.18.239

; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, Arr.Epict.2.2.20; οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, Ar.Av. 846.

D POSITION: παρά may follow its Subst. in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies,

τῇσι παρ' Il.18.400

; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ' ib. 191.

E παρά abs., as ADV., near, together, Il.1.611, al., E.IA 201 (lyr.).

F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, Il.1.174, Hes.Op. 454, A.Pers. 167, Hdt.1.42, al., S.El. 285, Ar.Ach. 862, etc.

G IN COMPOS.,

I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημι; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι ([etym.] εἶμι).

II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.

III to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω.

IV metaph.,

1 aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω.

2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.

3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.

4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Goth. faúr 'along', Lat. por-.)

ψεύδω, S.Ant. 389, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

ψεύσω Id.OC 628

, X.Cyr.1.5.13: [tense] aor.

ἔψευσα A.Pers. 472

, Plb.18.11.11, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ψευσθήσομαι S.Tr. 712

, Gal.15.143: [tense] aor.

ἐψεύσθην Hdt.1.141

, etc.: [tense] pf. ἔψευσμαι (v. infr.); imper.

ἐψεύσθω Aeschin.1.162

:—cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S.OC 628, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A.Ch. 759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1.

2 c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing,

ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς E.Hec. 1031

;

ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A.Pers. 472

;

μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870

;

πιστεύω.. μὴ ψεύσειν με.. τὰς ἐλπίδας X.Cyr.1.5.13

;

πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς E.Fr. 650

:—[voice] Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt.1.141, 5.47;

ἐνάρων S.Aj. 178

(lyr.);

δείπνου Ar.Nu. 618

(troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th.8.103.

3 in [voice] Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt.8.40, cf. S.Tr. 712 (also

ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ Hdt.7.9

.γ) ; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th.4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a man's wealth, Lys.19.45;

τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl.Ap. 22d

;

ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id.R. 413a

;

τῆς ὥρας And.1.38

;

ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl.Tht. 195a

; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X.Mem.4.2.26; also

ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι Hdt.9.48

;

περί τινος X.An.2.6.28

, Pl.Prt. 358c: also c. acc.,

ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X.An.1.8.11

, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th.6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl.Men. 71d: more rarely in [voice] Act., καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S.Aj. 1382.

4 of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt.2.22.

II c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω 11, represent a thing as a lie, falsify,

ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων S.OC 1512

(prob. for σημάτων) ; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id.Ant. 389:— [voice] Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id.Ph. 1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th.3.66;

πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται

have been falsely reported,

D.52.23

; in E.Andr. 346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porson's correction ἐψεύσεται is probable ( πεύσεται Kiehl).

B earlier and more common [full] ψεύδομαι, imper.

ψεύδεο Il.4.404

(the [voice] Act. is very rare in [dialect] Att. Prose): [tense] fut.

ψεύσομαι Hom.

, Pi., [dialect] Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: [tense] fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι ( will have made a false statement) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): [tense] pf.

ἔψευσμαι X.An.1.3.10

.

I abs., lie, speak false, play false,

ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il.10.534

, Od.4.140;

οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι h.Merc. 369

;

οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi.O.13.52

;

περί τινος Pl.Prt. 347a

; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id.Euthd. 284a, Lys.22.7;

ψ. πρός τινα X.An.1.3.5

;

ψ. τινι Act.Ap. 5.4

and

εἴς τινα Ep.Col.3.9

.

2 c. inf., say falsely, pretend that.., Plu.2.506d.

3 c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not,

τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar.Ec. 445

;

οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id.Ach. 561

;

κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν S.OT 461

;

ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω.., εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι Pl.Smp. 214e

, cf. X.Mem.4.2.19;

περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys.3.21

.

4 to be false or faithless, to be perjured or forsworn, Hes.Op. 283.

5 ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L.2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92 ( ψευδόμενος is an interpolation in

ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. Arist.EN 1146a22

).

II like [voice] Act. 11, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il.7.352; so

συνθήκας ψ. X.Ages.1.12

;

γάμους E.Ba. 31

, 245; so in [tense] plpf.,

ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th.5.83

; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt.6.32; τὰ χρήματα.. ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X.An.5.6.35.

III like [voice] Act. 1, deceive by lies, cheat,

Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A.Ag. 1208

, cf. X.HG3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S.OC 1145, E.Alc. 808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And.1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται (ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl.Lg. 921a.

IV of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist.Int. 16a3.

παραδίδωμι (Pind., Hdt.+) pres. 3 sg. παραδίδει (-δίδη cod. [ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 23 Tdf.]), subj. 3 sg. παραδιδῷ and παραδιδοῖ 1 Cor 15:24 (B-D-F §95, 2; W-S. §14, 12; Mlt-H. 204), ptc. παραδιδούς; impf. 3 sg. παρεδίδου Ac 8:3 and 1 Pt 2:23, pl. παρεδίδουν Ac 16:4 v.l.; 27:1 and παρεδίδοσαν 16:4 (B-D-F §94, 1; Mlt-H. 202); fut. παραδώσω; 1 aor. παρέδωκα; 2 aor. indic. παρέδοσαν Lk 1:2; 2 aor. subj. 3 sg. παραδῷ and παραδοῖ Mk 4:29; 14:10, 11; J 13:2 (B-D-F §95, 2; Mlt-H. 210f), impv. παράδος, ptc. παραδούς; pf. παραδέδωκα, ptc. παραδεδωκώς (Ac 15:26); plpf. 3 pl. παραδεδώκεισαν Mk 15:10 (on the absence of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; Mlt-H. 190). Pass.; impf. 3 sg. παρεδίδετο 1 Cor 11:23b (-δίδοτο is also attested; B-D-F §94, 1; Mlt-H. 206); 1 fut. παραδοθήσομαι; 1 aor. παρεδόθην; perf. 3 sg. παραδέδοται Lk 4:6, ptc. παραδεδομένος (Ac 14:26).

① to convey someth. in which one has a relatively strong personal interest, hand over, give (over), deliver, entrust

ⓐ a thing τινί τι (Jos., Ant 4, 83; Mel., P. 42, 290; 292; 294) τάλαντά μοι Mt 25:20, 22. αὐτοῖς τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτοῦ vs. 14. ὑμῖν τὴν γῆν 1 Cl 12:5. τινὶ τὴν κτίσιν Hv 3, 4, 1; λίθους Hs 9, 7, 1; ἀμπελῶνα 5, 6, 2. Also in the sense give back, restore, give up (X., Hell. 2, 3, 7 τινί τι) αὐτῷ τὴν παρακαταθήκην ἣν ἔλαβον Hm 3:2.—Pass., w. the thing easily supplied fr. the context ἐμοὶ παραδέδοται Lk 4:6.—παρέδωκεν τὸ πνεῦμα J 19:30 (ApcMos 42; cp. TestAbr B 12 p. 117, 4f [Stone p. 82] Σαρρα … παρέδωκε τὴν ψυχήν; ParJer 9:8; ApcEsdr 7:14) needs no dat.: he gave up his spirit voluntarily. ἄνθρωποι παραδεδωκότες τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ κυρίου men who have risked ( pledged Field, Notes 124) their lives for the name of the Lord Ac 15:26. καὶ ἐὰν παραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου ἵνα καυθήσομαι and if I give up my body to be burned 1 Cor 13:3 (Maximus Tyr. 1, 9i τῇ Αἴτνῃ αὐτοῦ παραδοὺς σῶμα; Syntipas p. 60, 11 πυρὶ σεαυτὴν παραδίδως). ὅταν παραδιδοῖ τ. βασιλείαν τῷ θεῷ when (Christ) delivers the kingship to God 15:24.

ⓑ hand over, turn over, give up a person ([Lat. trado] as a t.t. of police and courts ‘hand over into [the] custody [of]’ OGI 669, 15; PHib 92, 11; 17; PLille 3, 59 [both pap III B.C.]; PTebt 38, 6 [II B.C.] al.—As Military term ‘surrender’: Paus. 1, 2, 1; X., Cyr. 5, 1, 28; 5, 4, 51.) τινά someone Mt 10:19; 24:10; 27:18; Mk 13:11; Ac 3:13. Pass. Mt 4:12; Mk 1:14; Lk 21:16. τινά τινι Mt 5:25 (fr. one official to another, as UPZ 124, 19f [II B.C.]; TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 11 [Stone p. 78]); 18:34; 27:2; Mk 10:33b; cp. 15:1; Lk 12:58; 20:20; J 18:30, 35; Ac 27:1; 28:16 v.l.; Hs 7:5; 9, 10, 6; Pass. Lk 18:32; J 18:36; Hv 5:3f; m 4, 4, 3; Hs 6, 3, 6b; 9, 11, 2; 9, 13, 9; 9, 20, 4; 9, 21, 4. τὸν Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν τῷ θελήματι αὐτῶν Lk 23:25.—Esp. of Judas (s. Brown, Death I 211f on tendency of translators to blur the parallelism of Judas’ action to the agency of others in the passion narrative), whose information and action leads to the arrest of Jesus, w. acc. and dat. ἐγὼ ὑμῖν παραδώσω αὐτόν Mt 26:15. Cp. Mk 14:10; Lk 22:4, 6; J 19:11. Pass. Mt 20:18; Mk 10:33a. Without a dat. Mt 10:4; 26:16, 21, 23; Mk 3:19; 14:11, 18; Lk 22:48; J 6:64, 71; 12:4; 13:21. Pass. Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21; Lk 22:22; 1 Cor 11:23b (NRSV et al. render ‘betrayed’, but it is not certain that when Paul refers to ‘handing over’, ‘delivering up’, ‘arresting’ [so clearly Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 36, 50 Jac. παραδοθείς ‘surrendered’] he is even thinking of the action taken against Jesus by Judas much less interpreting it as betrayal; cp. Ac 3:13 παρεδώκατε). ὁ παραδιδοὺς αὐτόν (παραδιδούς με) his (my) informer (on the role of a מסוֹר in Israelite piety s. WKlassen, Judas ’96, 62–66; but Ac 1:18 the action of Judas as ἀδικία) Mt 26:25, 46, 48; Mk 14:42, 44; Lk 22:21; J 13:11; 18:2, 5. Cp. Mt 27:3, 4; J 21:20. The article w. pres. ptc. connotes the notoriety (cp. the use of traditor in Tacitus, Histories 4, 24) of Judas in early tradition. His act is appraised as betrayal Lk 6:16, s. προδότης.—τινὰ εἰς χεῖράς τινος deliver someone/someth. into someone’s hands (a Semitic construction, but paralleled in Lat., cp. Livy 26, 12, 11; Dt 1:27; Jer 33:24; Jdth 6:10; 1 Macc 4:30; 1 Esdr 1:50. Pass. Jer 39:4, 36, 43; Sir 11:6; Da 7:25, 11:11; TestJob 20:3; ParJer 2:7 τὴν πόλιν; AscIs 2:14; cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 20) Ac 21:11. Pass. Mt 17:22; 26:45; Mk 9:31; 14:41; Lk 9:44; 24:7 (NPerrin, JJeremias Festschr., ’70, 204–12); Ac 28:17. ἡ γῆ παραδοθήσεται εἰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ D 16:4b. Also ἐν χειρί τινος (Judg 7:9; 2 Esdr 9:7; cp. 2 Ch 36:17; 1 Macc 5:50; Just., D. 40, 2 ὁ τόπος τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὑμῶν παραδοθήσεται) 1 Cl 55:5b.—W. indication of the goal, or of the purpose for which someone is handed over: in the inf. (Jos., Bell. 1, 655) παραδιδόναι τινά τινι φυλάσσειν αὐτόν hand someone over to someone to guard him (X., An. 4, 6, 1) Ac 12:4. W. local εἰς (OGI 669, 15 εἰς τὸ πρακτόρειόν τινας παρέδοσαν; PGiss 84 II, 18 [II A.D.] εἰς τ. φυλακήν): εἰς συνέδρια hand over to the local courts Mt 10:17; Mk 13:9. εἰς τὰς συναγωγὰς καὶ φυλακάς hand someone over to the synagogues and prisons Lk 21:12. εἰς φυλακήν put in prison Ac 8:3; cp. 22:4. Also εἰς δεσμωτήριον (of a transcendent place of punishment: cp. PGM 4, 1245ff ἔξελθε, δαῖμον, … παραδίδωμί σε εἰς τὸ μέλαν χάος ἐν ταῖς ἀπωλείαις) Hs 9, 28, 7. ἑαυτοὺς εἰς δεσμά give oneself up to imprisonment 1 Cl 55:2a. W. final εἰς (cp. En 97:10 εἰς κατάραν μεγάλην παρα[δο]θήσεσθε): ἑαυτοὺς εἰς δουλείαν give oneself up to slavery 55:2b (cp. Just., D. 139, 4). εἰς τὸ σταυρωθῆναι hand over to be crucified Mt 26:2. εἰς τὸ ἐμπαῖξαι κτλ. 20:19. εἰς θλῖψιν 24:9. εἰς κρίμα θανάτου Lk 24:20. εἰς κρίσιν 2 Pt 2:4. εἰς θάνατον hand over to death (POxy 471, 107 [II A.D.]): Mt 10:21 (Unknown Sayings, 68 n. 3: by informing on the other); Mk 13:12; Hm 12, 1, 2f; pass.: ending of Mk in the Freer ms.; 2 Cor 4:11; 1 Cl 16:13 (Is 53:12); B 12:2; Hs 9, 23, 5. π. ἑαυτὸν εἰς θάνατον give oneself up to death 1 Cl 55:1; fig. hand oneself over to death Hs 6, 5, 4. εἰς θλῖψιν θανάτου παραδίδοσθαι be handed over to the affliction of death B 12:5. π. τὴν σάρκα εἰς καταφθοράν give up his flesh to corruption 5:1.—ἵνα stands for final εἰς: τὸν Ἰησοῦν παρέδωκεν ἵνα σταυρωθῇ he handed Jesus over to be crucified Mt 27:26; Mk 15:15; cp. J 19:16.—π. alone w. the mng. hand over to suffering, death, punishment, esp. in relation to Christ: κύριος παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν 1 Cl 16:7 (cp. Is 53:6).—Ro 8:32. Pass. 4:25; cp. B 16:5. π. ἑαυτὸν ὑπέρ τινος Gal 2:20 (GBerényi, Biblica 65, ’84, 490–537); Eph 5:25. παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν προσφορὰν καὶ θυσίαν τῷ θεῷ he gave himself to God for us as a sacrifice and an offering vs. 2.—π. τινὰ τῷ σατανᾷ εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός hand someone over to Satan for destruction of his physical body 1 Cor 5:5. οὓς παρέδωκα τῷ σατανᾷ, ἵνα whom I have turned over to Satan, in order that 1 Ti 1:20 (cp. INikaia I, 87, 4f of someone handed over to the gods of the netherworld for tomb violation [New Docs 4, 165]; also the exorcism PGM 5, 334ff νεκυδαίμων, … παραδίδωμί σοι τὸν δεῖνα, ὅπως … ; s. the lit. s.v. ὄλεθρος 2; also CBruston, L’abandon du pécheur à Satan: RTQR 21, 1912, 450–58; KLatte, Heiliges Recht 1920; LBrun, Segen u. Fluch im Urchr. ’32, 106ff). The angel of repentance says: ἐμοὶ παραδίδονται εἰς ἀγαθὴν παιδείαν they are turned over to me for good instruction Hs 6, 3, 6a (Demetr. Phaler. [IV/III B.C.] Fgm. 164 FWehrli ’49: Demosthenes παραδίδωσι ἑαυτὸν τῷ Ἀνδρονίκῳ to be initiated into dramatic art).—ἑαυτοὺς παρέδωκαν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ they gave themselves over to debauchery Eph 4:19. ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τ. αἰῶνος τούτου Hs 6, 2, 3. ταῖς τρυφαῖς καὶ ἀπάταις 6, 2, 4. παρεδώκατε ἑαυτοὺς εἰς τὰς ἀκηδίας Hv 3, 11, 3 (s. ἀκηδία). Of God, who punishes evil-doers: παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν he abandoned them to impurity Ro 1:24 (for the thought cp. 1QH 2:16–19. See also EKlostermann, ZNW 32, ’33, 1–6 [retribution]). εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας to disgraceful passions vs. 26. εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν vs. 28. παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ Ac 7:42. God, the All-Gracious One, is the subject of the extraordinary (s. lit. διδαχή 2) expression εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ δ. εἰς ὸ̔ν π. (obedient) to the form of teaching, for the learning of which you were given over i.e. by God Ro 6:17 (cp. the ins. fr. Transjordania in Nabataean times NGG Phil.-Hist. Kl. Fachgr. V n.s. I, 1, ’36, p. 3, 1 Abedrapsas thanks his paternal god: παρεδόθην εἰς μάθησιν τέχνης=‘I was apprenticed to learn a trade’. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 7, ’42, 6–8; FBeare, NTS 5, ’59, 206–10; UBorse, BZ 12, ’68, 95–103; FDanker, Gingrich Festschr., ’72, 94).

② to entrust for care or preservation, give over, commend, commit w. dat. (cp. PFlor 309, 5 σιωπῇ παραδ. ‘hand over to forgetfulness’; Just., A II, 5, 2 τὴν … τῶν ἀνθρώπων … πρόνοιαν ἀγγέλοις … παρέδωκεν ‘[God] entrusted angels with concern for humans’; Tat. 7, 3 τῇ σφῶν ἀβελτερίᾳ παρεδόθησαν ‘they were handed over to their own stupidity’) παραδίδοσθαι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ κυρίου ὑπό τινος be commended by someone to the grace of the Lord Ac 15:40. Ἀντιόχεια, ὅθεν ἦσαν παραδεδομένοι τῇ χάριτι τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς τὸ ἔργον Antioch, from which (city they had gone out) commended to the grace of God for the work 14:26.—παρεδίδου τῷ κρίνοντι he committed his cause to the one who judges 1 Pt 2:23.

③ to pass on to another what one knows, of oral or written tradition, hand down, pass on, transmit, relate, teach (Theognis 1, 28f passes on what he himself learned as παῖς, ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν; Pla., Phil. 16c, Ep. 12, 359d μῦθον; Demosth. 23, 65; Polyb. 7, 1, 1; 10, 28, 3; Diod S 12, 13, 2 π. τινί τι pass on someth. to future generations εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα; Plut., Nic. 524 [1, 5]; Herm. Wr. 13, 15; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 60 τὴν κατὰ νόμους παραδεδομένην εὐσέβειαν; PMagd 33, 5 of a report to the police concerning the facts in a case; Just.; A I, 54, 1 τὰ μυθοποιηθέντα) Lk 1:2. παραδόσεις Mk 7:13 (of the tradition of the Pharisees, as Jos., Ant. 13, 297; cp. the rabbinic term מָסַר); 1 Cor 11:2. ἔθη Ac 6:14. ὁ ἡμῖν παραδοθεὶς λόγος the teaching handed down to us Pol 7:2 (Just., D. 53, 6). ἡ παραδοθεῖσα αὐτοῖς ἁγία ἐντολή 2 Pt 2:21 (ApcMos 23 τὴν ἐντολήν μου ἣν παρέδωκά σοι). ἡ παραδοθεῖσα τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστις Jd 3. τὰ παραδοθέντα (Philo, Fuga 200) Dg 11:1. παρεδίδοσαν αὐτοῖς φυλάσσειν τὰ δόγματα they handed down to them the decisions to observe Ac 16:4.—(In contrast to παραλαμβάνειν [the same contrast in Diod S 1, 91, 4; 3, 65, 6; 5, 2, 3; PHerm 119 III, 22; BGU 1018, 24; PThéad 8, 25]) pass on 1 Cor 11:23a; 15:3; AcPlCor 2:4; EpilMosq 2. W. a connotation of wonder and mystery (of mysteries and ceremonies: Theon Smyrn., Expos. Rer. Math. p. 14 Hiller τελετὰς παραδιδόναι; Diod S 5, 48, 4 μυστηρίων τελετὴ παραδοθεῖσα; Strabo 10, 3, 7; Wsd 14:15 μυστήρια καὶ τελετάς. ParJer 9:29 τὰ μυστήρια … τῷ Βαρούχ; Just., D. 70, 1 τὰ τοῦ Μίθρου μυστήρια παραδιδόντες; cp. 78, 6. Cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 1 παλιγγενεσίαν; PGM 4, 475) πάντα (πᾶς 1dβ) μοι παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τ. πατρός μου Mt 11:27; Lk 10:22 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 32 πάτερ … παρέδωκας αὐτῷ [ὁ σὸς ἄνθρωπος is meant] τὴν πᾶσαν ἐξουσίαν; in Vett. Val. 221, 23 astrology is ὑπὸ θεοῦ παραδεδομένη τ. ἀνθρώποις.—For lit. on the saying of Jesus s. under υἱός 2dβ).—S. παράδοσις, end.

④ to make it possible for someth. to happen, allow, permit (Hdt. 5, 67; 7, 18 [subj. ὁ θεός]; X., An. 6, 6, 34 [οἱ θεοί]; Isocr. 5, 118 [οἱ καιροί]; Polyb. 22, 24, 9 τῆς ὥρας παραδιδούσης) ὅταν παραδοῖ ὁ καρπός when the (condition of the) crop permits Mk 4:29.—On the whole word: WPopkes, Christus Traditus, ’67.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

γένεσις, εως, ἡ (Hom.+)

① the term is used in Gk. lit. of ancestry as point of origin (e.g. Diod S 17, 51, 3; 17, 108, 3 of Alexander ἡ ἐξ Ἄμμωνος γ.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 57, 27; Did., Gen. 24, 1), but also of one’s coming into being at a specific moment, birth (Diod S 2, 5, 1; 4, 39, 2; IPriene 105, 48; OGI 56, 25; O. Wilck II, 1601, 1; Gen 40:20; Hos 2:5; Eccl 7:1 v.l.; PsSol 3:9; Jos., Ant. 2, 215; 234; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 57, 19; Did., Gen. 118, 11) Mt 1:18, with special ref. to circumstances under which the birth took place (s. γέννησις.—The superscription here has a counterpart in the subscription of the infancy narrative of Pythagoras in Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 2, 8: περὶ τῆς γενέσεως τοσαῦτο.—Arrian, Anab. answers the question [7, 29, 3] whether Alex. rightly ἐς θεὸν τὴν γένεσιν τὴν αὑτοῦ ἀνέφερεν with the reflection [7, 30, 2] οὐδὲ ἐμοὶ ἔξω τοῦ θείου φῦναι ἂν δοκεῖ ἀνὴρ οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἀνθρώπων ἐοικώς=it seems to me that a man who is different from all other men could not have come into being apart from divinity); Lk 1:14 (γεννήσει v.l.). As book title (in LXX; Mel., HE 4, 26, 4; Just.) Γένεσις Μαρίας GJs, so also in the subscr.

② state of being

ⓐ existence (Pla., Phdr. 252d τ. πρώτην γένεσιν βιοτεύειν; Ps.-Aristid., Ἀπελλᾷ γενεθλιακός 30, 27 Keil; POxy 120, 8; PGM 13, 612; Jdth 12:18; Wsd 7:5) πρόσωπον τῆς γ. αὐτοῦ his natural face (i.e. the way he has turned out to be, the way he really looks; s. γίνομαι) Js 1:23.

ⓑ life, human experience ὁ τροχὸς τῆς γενέσεως Js 3:6 was used in the Orphic mysteries w. the mng. ‘wheel of human origin’ (Simplicius on Aristot., De Caelo 2 p. 377 Heiberg ἐν τῷ τῆς εἱμαρμένης τε καὶ γενέσεως τροχῷ οὗπερ ἀδύνατον ἀπαλλαγῆναι κατὰ τὸν Ὀρφέα, s. ERohde, Psyche³ II 130f). In Js it seems to have lost its orig. mng. and to signify course of life, whole of life (cp. Anacreontea 32, 7f Preis.: τροχὸς ἅρματος γὰρ οἷα βίοτος τρέχει κυλισθείς).—For lit. s. τροχός.

③ an account of someone’s life, history, life. The expr. βίβλος γενέσεως Mt 1:1 is fr. the OT: Gen 2:4; 5:1; in the former of these two pass. it = history of the origin (cp. Diod S 1, 10, 3 ἡ γ. τῶν ἀνθρώπων; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1–5a … δύο ἱστοροῦνται γενέσεις Μουσῶν=there are two accounts given of the origin of the Muses), which some consider a fitting heading for Mt 1; Zahn ad loc. regards the expr. as constituting the superscription of the whole gospel: Book of the History. But if the phrase applies to vv. 1–17, the term γ. refers to

④ persons of successive generations forming an ancestral line, lineage, family line, which describes the contents of Mt 1:1–17.—JLindblom: Teologiska Studier for EStave 1922, 102–9; OEissfeldt, ‘Toledot’, in Studien zum NT u. zur Patristik ’61, 1–8.—DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 223. M-M. TW. Sv.

λίαν adv. (Hom. et al. as λίην; as λίαν Pind.+) to a high degree, very (much), exceedingly.

ⓐ used w. verbs: preceding them (EpArist 312; Jos., Vi. 404) λ. ἀντέστη he vehemently opposed 2 Ti 4:15. λ. πρόσεχε be scrupulously on your guard D 6:3. λ. ἐκκέχυμαι ἀγαπῶν ὑμᾶς I pour out my love over you IPhld 5:1. ὅταν … λ. πικρανθῇ when the person becomes very bitter Hm 10, 2, 3; cp. 9:9b; 12, 1, 2; 12, 4, 1; Hs 5, 2, 7; 6, 2, 7; 7:1; 8, 3, 8; 9, 11, 3. Following the verb (Gen 4:5) ἐθυμώθη λ. he became very angry Mt 2:16. θαυμάζειν … λ. 27:14; ἔκλαυσα λ. I wept bitterly Hm 3:3; ἐχάρη λ. he was very glad Lk 23:8; Hs 5, 2, 5; 8, 1, 16; also λ. ἐχάρη 5, 2, 11. In a letter ἐχάρην λ. I was very glad (BGU 632, 10; PGiss 21, 3) 2J 4; 3J 3. ἐλυπήθη λ. (Cain) was filled with grief 1 Cl 4:3 (cp. Gen. 4:5). Strengthened λίαν ἐκ περισσοῦ altogether Mk 6:51.

ⓑ used w. adjs., which

α. serve as attribute (SIG 1102, 12 αἱ λίαν ἄκαιροι δαπάναι): preceding the adj(s).: καὶ γε λ. πιστοὺς κ. ἱσχυρούς also very committed and steadfast Hs 9, 9, 9a; λ. ὑψηλός grown very high Hs 8, 1, 2; λ. εὐειδής very charming AcPl Ha 3, 13. Following the adj.: ὄρος ὑψηλὸν λ. very high Mt 4:8; χαλεποὶ λ. very dangerous 8:28. ἀψινθίου μικρὸν λ. only a little bit Hm 5, 1, 5. πρόβατα πολλὰ λ. very many sheep Hs 6, 1, 6a. ῥάβδον σκληρὰν λ. a very sturdy stick 6, 2, 5. πικρὸν λ. AcPl Ha 4, 20 very fierce.

β. serve as predicate: preceding (Diod S 14, 58, 2 λίαν ὀχυρός; PTebt 315, 18 ὁ ἄνθρωπος λείαν ἐστὶν αὐστηρός; TestJob 13:6 λ. μου χρηστοῦ ὄντος) αἰσχρὰ καὶ λ. αἰσχρά shameful, very shameful 1 Cl 47:6. λ. ἄφρων εἰμί Hm 4, 2, 1; cp. κἂν λ. σύνετος ἦν τις Hs 5, 5, 4. ὤφθη … μοι … λ. πρεσβυτέρα a very elderly woman v 3, 10, 3; cp. m 8, 6; Hs 2:5; 5, 3, 5; 6, 1, 6bc; 6, 2, 3; 8, 1, 17f; 9, 1, 7b; 10a; 9, 2, 4; 9, 3, 1; 9, 6, 8; 9, 9, 2; 7. Following (Gen 1:31; Tob 6:12 S) ἐγένετο λευκὰ λ. Mk 9:3. ὸ̔ν ἀγαπητὸν λ. ἔχετε for whom you have a special affection 1 Pol 7:2. περίλυπος ἤμην λ. I was extremely unhappy Hv 3, 10, 6. ἐντολαὶ … σκληραὶ … σκληραί εἰσι very demanding or severe m 12, 3, 4; (λίθοι) σκληροὶ … λ. εὑρέθησαν turned out to be too hard to dress/shape Hs 9, 8, 6. αὐθάδης εἶ λ. you are very stubborn 5, 4, 2. Cp. 9, 1, 7a; 10b; 9, 9, 4.

ⓒ used w. an adv., following it (Da 11:25) πρωὶ̈ ἔννυχα λ. early in the morning, when it was still quite dark Mk 1:35. Preceding it (2 Macc 11:1; EpArist 230; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 286; 2, 3; Tat. 2, 1; 21, 3; PMich 154, 17 λ. νυκτός) λ. πρωί̈ very early in the morning 16:2. λ. ὀργίλως ἐλάλησεν with vehement anger Hm 12, 4, 1. S. ὑπερλίαν.—DELG. M-M.

συμπίπτω, [dialect] Ion. Iterat.

A

συμπίπτεσκον Emp.59

:—fall together, meet violently, of winds,

σὺν δ' Εὖρός τε Νότος τ' ἔπεσον Od.5.295

; of two champions beginning to fight, fall to, fight hand to hand,

σύν ῥ' ἔπεσον Il.7.256

, 21.387; opp. distant fighting,

συμπεσόντας αἰχμῇσι καὶ ἐγχειριδίοισι συνέχεσθαι Hdt.1.214

, cf. 5.112, Pi.I.4(3).51(69), Luc.Tox.36; ἐς νείκεα ς. Hdt.3.120, 9.55; of a hound,

σὺν δὲ πεσών PCair.Zen.532.7

(iii B.C.): c. dat. pers.,

ξυμπεσὼν μόνος μόνοις S.Aj. 467

;

εἰς ἀγῶνα τῷδε συμπεσών Id.Tr.20

;

σ. πολεμίοις X.Cyr.2.1.11

;

εἰς μάχην θηρίῳ D.S.3.35

;

ἀντίοι σ. τοῖς ὑποζυγίοις Plb.3.51.5

; of ships, λάβρῳ κλύδωνι ς. E.IT 1393;

ξυμπεσούσης νηΐ νεώς Th.7.63

;

ξ. πρὸς ἀλλήλας τὰς ναῦς Id.2.84

.

2 generally, fall in with, meet with, esp. with accidents or misfortunes, c. dat. rei,

ἀσιτίῃσι Hdt.3.52

;

φόνῳ S.OT 113

;

κακοῖς τοιοῖσδε Id.Aj. 429

; but simply, fall in with, meet, τινι UPZ62.10 (ii B.C.), PTeb.58.56 (ii B.C.).

II of accidents, ailments, symptoms, events, fall upon, happen to,

τοῖσιν αὐτουργίαι ξυμπέσωσιν μάταιοι A.Eu. 337

(lyr.);

ἐάν ποτέ σοι σ. καιρός Isoc.1.32

;

εὐπαιδίας τυχεῖν ἅμα καὶ πολυπαιδίας.. καὶ τοῦτ' αὐτῷ συνέπεσεν Id.9.72

; ἀσθένεια, νοσήματα σ. τινί, Pl.Ti. 17a, 82c; συμπίπτει τοῖσι πλείστοισι τοιάδε· ἐρυθήματα προσώπου κτλ. Hp.Acut. (Sp.) 6;

πάθη D.26.18

;

ἡμῖν σ. πρὸς ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς φιλία Pl.Lg. 698c

;

σ. τι ἔς τινας Hdt.7.137

.

2 abs., happen, occur,

τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρης συμπιπτούσης τοῦ τε ἐν Πλαταιῇσι καὶ τοῦ ἐν Μυκάλῃ.. τρώματος Id.9.100

;

τοιούτων καιρῶν συμπεσόντων Lys.19.24

;

τῶν κακῶν τῶν σ. Philem.101

.[4]; of heavenly bodies, coincide, Vett.Val.190.9 (sed leg. συνεμπέσῃ).

3 c. part., like τυγχάνω, καὶ τόδε ἕτερον συνέπεσε γενόμενον Hdt.9.101;

συνεπεπτώκεε ἔρις ἐοῦσα Id.1.82

;

Ἀρισταγόρῃ συνέπιπτε τοῦ αὐτοῦ Χρόνου πάντα ταῦτα συνελθόντα Id.5.36

; but part. is sts. omitted, ἐὰν ἴσοι συμπέσωσιν (sc. ὄντες) Arist.Pol. 1318a39.

4 freq. impers. or with neut. pron., it happens, comes to pass, folld. by inf.,

τόδε σφι ὧδε συμπέπτωκε γίνεσθαι Hdt.1.139

; by ὥστε c. inf., Id.8.15, 132, 141; ξυνέπεσεν ἐς τοῦτο ἀνάγκης ὥστε .. matters came to such a pass that.., Th.1.49: or c. acc. et inf., συνέπιπτε [ αὐτὸν]

ἀπῖχθαι Hdt.5.35

, cf. Th.4.68, etc.;

πρὸ ρκ' ἐτῶν συνέπεσε κατ' αὐτὰς τὰς Χειμερινὰς τροπὰς ἄγεσθαι τὰ Ἴσια Gem.8.21

: c. dat. et inf.,

ὅσαις ἂν.. συμπέσῃ ἐμέσαι Arist.HA 588a1

;

ὅταν ἀτυχεῖν σοι συμπέσῃ τι Philippid.18

;

εἴ τινι συνέπεσε τὸν ἀδελφεὸν ἀπολέσθαι SIG306.7

(Tegea, iv B.C.): abs., ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου, ἀπὸ τύχης, διὰ τύχην ς., Arist.Cael. 289b22, Rh. 1385b2, Pol. 1270b20; τὰ συμπίπτοντα one's lot or fortune, E.Fr. 572, cf. lsoc.2.35;

πρὸς τὸ συμπῖπτον ἀεὶ διατάττων X.Cyr.8.5.16

; τὸ συμπεσόν the incident, Arist.Pol. 1284a32;

καθάπερ ἐν κατάρροις ἐνίοτε συμπίπτει Gal.16.527

, cf. 18(2).185, al.

III coincide, agree or be in accordance with,

σ. τούτοισι τόνδε τὸν λόγον Hdt. 7.151

; ὥστε σ. τὸ πάθος τῷ χρηστηρίῳ turned out in accordance with it, Id.6.18: abs., agree by chance, Id.2.49; εἰς ταὐτὸν ς. agree in one, Pl. Tht. 160d, R. 473d, etc.; ἐμοὶ σὺ συμπέπτωκας ἐς ταὐτὸν λόγου have come to exactly the same point with me, E.Tr. 1036.

IV fall together, i.e. fall in, esp. of a house,

συμπίπτει στέγη Id.HF 905

;

πόλις ὑπὸ σεισμοῦ ξυμπεπτωκυῖα Th.8.41

;

οἰκία σ. X.An.5.2.24

; φοβουμένη μὴ συμπέσῃ [ τὸ ἰσιεῖον] PEnteux.6.3 (iii B.C.); esp. of the vessels of the body, fall in, collapse, Hp.Off.13, Sor.1.16, al.;

οἱ κρόταφοι συμπίπτουσι Gal.18(2).29

; μυκτῆρες συμπεπτωκότες, opp. ἀναπεπταμένοι, X.Eq.1.10; σῶμα συμπεσόν a frame fallen in or emaciated, Pl.Phd. 80c; ὀφθαλμοὶ ς. Arist.HA 561a21;

αἱ κοιλίαι σ. τοῦ νέφους Id.Pr. 940b31

, al.; of plant-structures, Thphr.CP1.4.4; collapse, of animals, PSI6.584.25 (iii B.C.); of the heart, contract, Ruf.Syn.Puls.3.6; συνέπεσε τῷ προσώπῳ his face fell, LXX Ge.4.5; τὸ πρόσωπον συνέπεσεν ib.1 Ki.1.18; - πέπτωκα τῇ καρδίᾳ ἀπὸ μερίμνης ib.1 Ma.6.10.

2 σταφυλὴ λευκὴ συμπεπτωκυῖα dried grapes, Aët.9.30; πάντα δεδομένα κρέα συμπεπτωκότα ἔστω μέχρι δυοῖν ἡμερῶν hung, ibid.

V fall together, fall into the same line, σ. ἐπ' ἀλλήλων ὑπὸ στενοχωρίας impinge one on another, Pl.Tht. 195a; converge, meet,

τὸ τὰς παραλλήλους σ. οἴεσθαι Arist.APo. 77b23

, cf. Euc.1Def.23, Archim.Spir.20, al.; οἱ πόροι παρ' ἀλλήλους εἰσὶ καὶ οὐ ς. Arist.HA 495a15; of the sides of a triangle, Plb.2.14.5; of a river,

σ. τῷ Κηφισῷ Plu.Sull.16

.

ὁρμάω, [tense] fut.

A

- ήσω Pl.Lg. 875b

: [tense] aor.

ὥρμησα Il.6.338

, Pl. Ion 534c; [dialect] Lacon. imper. ὅρμᾱον, i.e. ὅρμαὁν, = ὅρμησον, Ar.Lys. 1247: [tense] pf.

ὥρμηκα Pl.Plt. 265a

:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Pi.N.1.5, A.Pr. 339, Hdt.1.17, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

ὡρμᾶτο Il.3.142

: [tense] fut.

ὁρμήσομαι Hdt.5.34

, X.Cyr.7.1.9,

ὁρμηθήσομαι Gal.5.85

: [tense] aor.

ὡρμησάμην Il.21.595

, v.l. in Hes.Sc. 127 ([etym.] ἐφ-), never in Prose, exc.

ἐξ- X.HG6.5.20

codd.: more freq. in pass. form

ὡρμήθην Il.5.12

, al., Th.3.98, etc.: [tense] pf.

ὥρμημαι S.El.70

, E. El. 340, Th.6.33, etc.: [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. ὁρμέαται and - έατο (with vv. ll. ὡρμ-) Hdt.5.121, 8.35 ; in Hom. codd. usu. have the augm., but Aristarch. read ὁρμήθησαν in Il.10.359: ([etym.] ὁρμή):

A [voice] Act.,

I causal, set in motion, urge on, cheer on,

τινὰ εἰς πόλεμον Il.6.338

, Th.1.127 ;

τινὰ ποτὶ κλέος Pi.O.10(11).21

;

τὸ στράτευμα ὁ. ἐπὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας Hdt.8.106

, cf. S.Aj. 174 (lyr.), E.Or. 352 (anap.);

ἡ φύσις ὁρμήσει τινὰ ἐπὶ πλεονεξίαν Pl.Lg. 875b

, cf. Ion 534c ;

[τὰ] ὁρμῶντα [σώματα] Hp.Epid.6.8.7

;

μέριμναν ὁρμήσασ' ἐπ' ἔργον E.Ph. 1064

(lyr.); ὁ. τινὰ ἐκ χερός tear from one's arms, Id.Hec. 143 (anap.):—[voice] Pass., ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ ἄρχετο inspired by the god he began, Od.8.499 ;

πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος S.El.70

;

ὑπὸ ἔρωτος Pl.Smp. 181d

; ἵπποι.. ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης urged on by.., Od.13.82.

2 with a thing as the object, stir up,

πόλεμον 18.376

: c. acc. et inf.,

τὰς διόδους τῶν πτερῶν.. ὥρμησε πτεροφυεῖν Pl.Phdr. 255d

:—[voice] Pass.,

ὡρμάθη πλαγά

was sped,

S.El. 196

(lyr.).

II more freq. intr., start,

1 c. inf., ἴρηξ ὃς ὁρμήσῃ διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο starts in chase of.., Il.13.64; ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε πυλάων.. ἀντίον ἀΐξασθαι whenever he started to rush for the gates, 22.194 ;

ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε.. στῆναι ἐναντίβιον 21.265

; ἐξελαύνειν ὁρμῆσαι τὸν στρατόν began to lead out.., Hdt.1.76, cf.7.150 ;

νίκην ὁρμῶντ' ἀλαλάξαι

eager to..,

S.Ant. 133

(lyr.);

ὥρμα ἀντιλαμβάνεσθαι τοῦ λόγου Pl.R. 336b

.

2 c. gen., rush headlong at one,

Τρώων Il.4.335

: more freq. with Preps.,

ὁ. ἐπί τινα Hes.Sc. 403

, Hdt. 1.1, etc.;

πύργωμα Καδμείων ἔπι E.Supp. 1220

;

εἴς τινας X.Cyr.7.1.17

;

καθ' αὑτούς Id.An.5.7.25

; also ὁ. ἐς μάχην hasten to battle, A.Pers. 394 ;

εἰς ἀγῶνα E.Ph. 259

(lyr.) ;

εἰς τὸ διώκειν X.An.1.8.25

;

ἐπὶ ἁρπαγάς Pl.R. 391d

;

ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Th.7.34

; ὥρμασε ([dialect] Dor.)

ἐπὶ τὰ βασίλεια τῶν Σκυθᾶν SIG709.19

(Chersonesus, ii B. C.): without any sense of hostility, rush,

τᾶσδ' ἀπὸ πέτρας πηδήσασα πυρὸς ἔσω E.Supp. 1015

(lyr.);

ἐς πατρὸς δόμους Id.Med. 1178

; set out,

ἀπὸ [τῆς Οἰνόης] Th.2.19

;

ἐς φυγήν Hdt.7.179

, etc.;

εἰς τὸ ἐπ' ἐκεῖνα τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd. 112b

;

ἐπ' ἄλλον λόγον Antipho 3.4.5

;

ἐπὶ τὸ σκοπεῖν X.Mem.3.7.9

; ἐπὶ τραγῳδίαν ὥρμηκε has turned to tragedy, Alex.135.14 ; δηλώσεις.. τὴν φύσιν ἐπὶ τί μάλισθ' ὥρμηκε, i. e. what your natural bent is, ib.8 ;

φυσικῶς ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργὴν ὁρμᾶν Phld.Ir.93

W.;

πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Id.Mus.p.71

K.;

ἐπὶ φιλοσοφίαν Id.Acad.Ind.p.64

M. ;

πρὸς τὰς ὀχείας Arist.HA 546a15

: c. acc. cogn.,

ὁδόν X.An.3.1.8

;

στρατείαν Id.Cyr.8.6.20

.

3 abs., start, begin,

ὥσπερ ὡρμήσαμεν, ἴωμεν Pl.Prt. 314b

, cf. R. 425c; αἱ μάλιστα ὁρμήσασαι [νῆες] the ships that were hottest in pursuit, Th.8.34.

B [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., like the intr. [voice] Act., A. II:

1 c. inf., μὴ φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται that they put not themselves in motion, set not themselves to flee, Il.8.511 ; so

διώκειν ὁρμήθησαν 10.359

, cf. Od.4.282 ; ὡρμήθη κόρυθα κρατὸς ἀφαρπάξαι he rushed to snatch.., Il.13.188, cf. 182 ; ἦτορ ὡρμᾶτο πτολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι was eager to.., 21.572 ; μᾶλλον ὅρμητο στρατεύεσθαι was eager to march, Hdt.7.1, cf. 19, al., Th.3.45 ; ὅδε ὁ λόγος ὅρμηται λέγεσθαι this account has begun to be given, Hdt.4.16, cf. 6.86.δ' ( λέγεσθαι is restored for λέγεται in 3.56); but λόγον, τὸν ὅρμητο λέγειν which he purposed to make, Id.5.50.

2 the object for or after which one goes is sts. in gen., Il.14.488, 21.595 : a case with a Prep.,

ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν Od.10.214

;

ἐπί τινα S.Aj.47

, etc.;

εἴς τινα X.Cyr.7.1.9

; μετά τινα after one, Il.17.605 ; so

ὁ. ἐπὶ τὸ ἱρόν Hdt.8.35

;

ἐς πύλας A.Th.31

;

πρὸς δόμους E.Hipp. 1152

;

ἐπ' ἀλήθειαν Pl.Sph. 228c

;

ἐς φυγήν Th.4.14

;

πρὸς τίσιν S.OC 1328

;

πρὸς τὸ κρατεῖν Pl.R. 581a

;

[ἡ ποίησις] πρὸς ἡδονὴν ὥρμηται Id.Grg. 502c

; οἱ περὶ λόγον ἢ παιδείαν ὁρμώμενοι persons keen about.., Vett.Val.199.5 : rarely c. acc. loci,

νερτέρας πλάκας S.OC 1576

(lyr.).

b the starting-point is expressed by

ἐκ, ὡρμᾶτ' ἐκ θαλάμοιο Il.3.142

, cf. 9.178, etc. ; or ἀπό, S.Tr. 156, Pl. Phd. 101d, etc.;

ἀπὸ φιλοσοφίας Phld.Rh.1.357

S.; or by a form in

-θεν, σέθεν.. ὕμνος ὁρμᾶται θέμεν αἶνον Pi.N.1.5

: in historical Prose, ὁρμᾶσθαι ἐκ.. start from, begin from, esp. of the place where one carries on any regular operations, ἐνθεῦτεν ὁρμώμενοι living there and going out from thence to do their daily work, Hdt.1.17 ; of fishers,

ἐκ πλοίων ὁρμώμενοι Id.3.98

; of a general, making that place his head-quarters or base of operations, Id.8.133, cf. 5.125, al., Th.1.64, 2.69, al.; ἀπ' ἐλασσόνων ὁρμώμενος setting out, beginning with smaller means, ib.65, cf. 1.144 ; of rivers,

ἐκ τῆς Ἴδης ὁ.

rising..,

Pl.Lg. 682b

.

3 abs., rush, dart, attack, Il.5.12, Od.12.126, al., S.OC 1068 (lyr.); also with ἔγχεϊ, ξιφέεσσι, etc., added, Il. 5.855, 17.530, 13.496, al.

b generally, hasten, be eager,

ὁρμώμενον δὲ μηδαμῶς μ' ἀντισπάσῃς A.Pr. 339

, cf. 395 ;

ἀλλ' ἥδε.. ὁρμᾶται

comes forth,

Id.Pers. 151

(anap.);

τὸ φέγγος ὁρμάσθω πυρός Id.Eu. 1029

; ὕβρις ἀτάρβητα ὁρμᾶται insolence goes fearless forth, S.Aj. 197 (lyr.).

φωνή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).

① an auditory effect, sound, tone, noise the source of which is added in the gen.: of musical instruments (Pla., Rep. 3, 397a ὀργάνων; Eur., Tro. 127 συρίγγων; Plut., Mor. 713c ψαλτηρίου καὶ αὐλοῦ; Aristoxenus, Fgm. 6; Paus. Attic. α, 169; Ex 19:16, Is 18:3 and PsSol 8:1 σάλπιγγος; cp. ParJer 3:2; Is 24:8 κιθάρας; Aristobul. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 13=p. 144, 94f Holladay) σάλπιγγος Mt 24:31 v.l.; D 16:6. φωναὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος blasts of the trumpet Rv 8:13b; or of those who play them κιθαρῳδῶν 14:2d; 18:22a; cp. 10:7. Of the noise made by a millstone 18:22b. Of a shout produced by a crowd of people φωνὴ ὄχλου πολλοῦ 19:1, 6a (cp. Da 10:6 Theod.; also λαοῦ πολλοῦ PsSol 8:2). Of the sound caused by spoken words (Da 10:9; Just., D. 131, 2 μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς) ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου Lk 1:44. φωνὴ ῥημάτων sound of words Hb 12:19. Cp. 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:4). ἔσομαι φωνή I will be just a meaningless sound (in contrast to Ignatius functioning as a λόγος θεοῦ [=meaningful expression of God] if his adherents abstain from pleas in his behalf) IRo 2:1 (s. ἠχώ). Abs. of the sound made by a wail of sorrow (cp. TestJob 40:9; TestIss 1:4) Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15). μεγάλη φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ GPt 9:35.—Of musical instruments it is said that they φωνὴν διδόναι produce sound (in ref. to mere sonant capability in contrast to distinguishable notes) 1 Cor 14:7f.—In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm? In Ex 19:16 φωναὶ κ. ἀστραπαί are surely thunder and lightning. But in Ex 9:23, 28; 1 Km 12:18 the mng. of φωναί remains unclear. Cp. also Esth 1:1d φωναί, βρονταί).—Freq. in imagery: of wind sound J 3:8; cp. Ac 2:6. Of thunderclap (1 Km 7:10; GrBar 6:13) Rv 6:1; 14:2c; 19:6c. Of roar of water (Ezk 1:24b) 1:15b; 14:2b; 19:6b. Of whirring of wings (Ezk 1:24a) 9:9a. Of the clatter of chariots 9:9 b (cp. Ezk 3:13; 26:10).

② the faculty of utterance, voice (Tat. 15:3 προύχει τῶν θηρίων ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθον φωνήν=humankind excels beasts in articulate utterance)

ⓐ gener. of sonant aspect: any form of speech or other utterance w. the voice can take place μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης Lk 17:15; ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Rv 5:2; 14:7, 9; mostly φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; Achilles Tat. 8, 1, 1; SibOr 3, 669; 5, 63) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 1:42 v.l. (s. κραυγή 1b); 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 6:10; 7:2, 10 al.; IPhld 7:1a. μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῃ (Diod S 1, 70, 5; 8, 23, 3; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 1, Tim. 9; ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) Ac 14:10 v.l. 26:24; ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ Rv 18:2. ἐν φωνῇ μιᾷ IEph 4:2; μιᾷ φ. (Pla., Laws 1, 634e; Diod S 11, 9, 3; 11, 26, 6; 19, 81, 2; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.; Lucian, Nigr. 14) ApcPt 5:19.—αἴρειν φωνήν (αἴρω 1b) Lk 17:13; πρός τινα Ac 4:24. ἐπαίρειν φωνήν (ParJer 9:14; s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 11:27; Ac 2:14; 14:11; 22:22; AcPl Ha 6, 33. ἀκούειν τῆς φωνῆς τινος hear someone speaking or calling (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [Stone p. 62]; TestJob 42:3; TestJos 9:4; ParJer 3:10) J 5:25, 28; 10:3; Hb 3:7, 15; 4:7 (the last three Ps 94:7); w. a neg. and acc. (φωνήν) Mt 12:19 (cp. Is 42:2); J 5:37. The same expr.=listen to someone’s speech or call, follow someone (Gen 3:17) 10:16, 27; 18:37; Rv 3:20; B 8:7; cp. 9:2 (s. Ex 15:26).—(ἡ) φωνὴ (τοῦ) νυμφίου (cp. Jer 25:10) J 3:29 (cp. Arrian, Cyneg. 17, 1 the dogs χαίρουσιν τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ δεσπότου γνωρίζουσαι); Rv 18:23.

ⓑ voice as it varies from individual to individual or fr. one mood to another (X., An. 2, 6, 9; Gen 27:22; Tat. 5:2) ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου Ac 12:14. Cp. J 10:4f (s. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 320, horses). ἤθελον ἀλλάξαι τὴν φωνήν μου Gal 4:20 (ἀλλάσσω 1; φωνή=tone: Diod. S 8, 5, 4 πᾶσαν φωνήν=every variation in tone; Artem. 4, 56 p. 235, 15).

ⓒ that which the voice gives expression to: call, cry, outcry, loud or solemn declaration (Sb 7251, 21 [III/IV A.D.]=order, command) ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην Mk 15:37. φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία a single outcry arose Ac 19:34 (cp. Jos., Vi. 133). Cp. 22:14; 24:21. Pl. (Ael. Aristid. 52, 3 K.=28 p. 551 D.: ἦσαν φωναί; Jos., Vi. 231, Ant. 15, 52) φωναὶ μεγάλαι loud cries Lk 23:23a; cp. 23b. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς the thunders sounded forth their crashing peals Rv 10:3b. θεοῦ φωνὴ (D φωναί) καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου (this is) the utterance of a god and not of a mere mortal Ac 12:22 (Just., D. 119, 6 τῇ φωνῇ τοῦ θεοῦ; cp. 21, 1 αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine φωνή sounds forth fr. a φῶς μέγα that appears suddenly; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 11 D.: Πυθίας φωνή; Epict. 3, 23, 20 ἰδοὺ φωναὶ φιλοσόφου; 3, 22, 50; Biogr. p. 454 people received sayings of Hippocr. ὡς θεοῦ φωνὰς κ. οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνου προελθούσας ἐκ στόματος). φωνὴ ἐνεχθεῖσα αὐτῷ a declaration (was) borne to him 2 Pt 1:17; cp. vs. 18. Also of sayings in scripture αἱ φωναὶ τῶν προφητῶν Ac 13:27 (Ath. 9, 1; cp. Diod S 19, 1, 4 ἡ Σόλωνος φωνή; 20, 30, 2 τῆς τοῦ μάντεως [=τοῦ δαιμονίου] φωνῆς; Diog. L. 8, 14 sayings of Pythagoras). Of apostolic tradition τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς καὶ μενούσης Papias (2:4) (s. ζάω, end; on Papias’ ‘living voice’ s. ABaum, NTS 44, ’98, 144–51).

ⓓ In accordance w. OT and Jewish usage gener. (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 315. The Socratic δαιμόνιον [=ὁ θεός Ep. 1, 7] is called ἡ φωνή: Socrat., Ep. 1, 9 [p. 222, 34 Malherbe] τὸ δαιμόνιόν μοι, ἡ φωνή, γέγονεν, cp. Pla., Apol. 31d) ‘the voice’ oft. speaks, though the (heavenly) speaker neither appears nor is mentioned (cp. PGM 3, 119 ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τῆς ἑβραικῆς φωνῆς.—In most cases the divine voice is differentiated fr. the divinity: Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 69 Jac. [in Diog. L. 1, 115] when Epimenides wishes to build τὸ τῶν Νυμφῶν ἱερόν: ῥαγῆναι φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ‘Ἐπιμενίδη, μὴ Νυμφῶν, ἀλλὰ Διός’=[when E. was building] a shrine for the Nymphs: a voice cried out from heaven, “Epimenides! Not for the Nymphs, but for Zeus!”; Plut., Mor. 355e; 775b; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 28, 2 Lycurgus receives the laws ὑπὸ τῆς θεοῦ φωνῆς in Delphi; Artapanus; 726 Fgm. 3, 21 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 21]; Jos., Ant. 1, 185 φ. θεία παρῆν; 3, 90 φ. ὑψόθεν; cp. 2, 267) ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα (on the voice fr. heaven s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2a; also JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36, esp. 140–90, and FDölger, Ac V/3, ’36, 218–23) Mt 3:17; cp. 17:5. ἦλθεν φ. (ἐκ) Mk 9:7 v.l.; J 12:28; 30 v.l. (TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 15 [Stone p. 24] al.; cp. Ps. Callisth, 1, 45, 2f ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδύτου the divine saying follows in direct discourse). ἐξῆλθεν φ. Rv 16:17 (ἐκ); 19:5 (ἀπό τοῦ θρόνου). γίνεται (ἐγένετο) φ. (ἐκ: Plut., Agis et Cleom. 807 [28, 3]: φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γενέσθαι φράζουσαν; Ael. Aristid. 40, 22 K.=5 p. 62 D.: φωνῆς θείας γενομένης … ἐκ τοῦ μητρῴου [=temple of the Mother of the Gods]) Mk 1:11; 9:7; Lk 3:22; 9:35f; J 12:30 (v.l. ἦλθεν; s. above); Ac 10:13, 15 (both πρὸς αὐτόν); MPol 9:1a; GEb 18, 37 (verb of origin understood), cp. ibid. ln. 38; ἐγένετο φ. κυρίου Ac 7:31 (cp. Jos., Vi. 259 ἐγένοντο φωναί). ἀπεκρίθη φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ 11:9; ἦχος φωνῆς μοι ἀπεκρίθη Hv 4, 1, 4. ἀκούειν φωνήν hear a voice (also w. such additions as λέγουσαν, ἐκ w. gen. of place, μεγάλην, gen. of the speaker) Ac 9:4; 22:9; 26:14; Rv 6:6f; 9:13; 10:4, 8; 12:10; 14:2; 18:4; MPol 9:1b; EpilMosq 4; φωνῆς w. the same mng. (w. corresp. additions) Ac 9:7; 11:7; 22:7 (MMeyer, The Light and Voice on the Damascus Road: Forum 2, ’86, 27–35 [Nag Hammadi pp. 30–32]); Rv 11:12; 14:13; 16:1; 21:3; GPt 10:41. Paul speaks διὰ φωνῆς πνεύματος ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 5.

ⓔ special cases: ἐπέστρεψα βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει μετʼ ἐμοῦ I turned around to see (to whom) the voice that was speaking to me (belonged) Rv 1, 12 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 1, 22 σκεψόμενοι τίς ἡ κραυγή; Aesop 248b H.=141 P.=146 H-H. ἐπεστράφη πρὸς τὴν φ.). φ. βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (it is) the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Is 40:3; cp. En 9:2; Jos., Bell. 6, 301) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4. Referring to Is 40:3, John the Baptist applies its words to himself J 1:23 the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Ael. Aristid. 49, 5 K.=25 p. 489 D.: φ. λέγοντός του ‘τεθεράπευσαι’; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 1 p. 364a φωνὴ βοῶντός του).—B 9:3.

③ a verbal code shared by a community to express ideas and feelings, language (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Cebes 33, 6; Aelian, VH 12, 48; Herodian 5, 3, 4; Diog. L. 8, 3; SEG VIII, 548, 17 [I B.C.]; PLond I, 77, 13 p. 232 [Christ. VIII A.D.]; PGM 12, 188 πᾶσα γλῶσσα κ. πᾶσα φωνή; Gen 11:1; Dt 28:49; 2 Macc 7:8, 21, 27; 4 Macc 12:7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; 50; 73 al.; Just., A I, 31, 1; Tat. 37, 1; Mel., P. 29, 199) 1 Cor 14:10f; 2 Pt 2:16 (an animal w. ἀνθρώπου φ. as Appian, Bell. Civ. 4:4 §14 βοῦς φωνὴν ἀφῆκεν ἀνθρώπου; schol. on Appolon. Rhod. 2, 1146 ὁ κριὸς ἀνθρωπίνῃ χρησάμενος φωνῇ; sim. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 19 [Stone p. 6]; sim. TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [St. p. 62] a tree; ParJer 7:2 an eagle; Philo, Op. M. 156); Dg 5:1. ὁ λέων εἶπεν μιᾷ φωνῇ AcPlHa 5, 4 (on the probability that μια was misread for θεια s. the editor’s note, p. 41, 4).—B. 1248; 1260. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὄμμα, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὄππα Sapph.2.11: τό:—

A eye, poet. word, rare in Prose (Th.2.11, Pl.Ti. 45c, al., X.Cyr.8.7.26, Mem.1.4.6, al., Thphr.Sens. 50, al., Polystr.Herc.346p.81V., BGU713.9 (i A.D.), IG42(1).121.121 (Epid.)): Hom. and Hes. only use pl.,

κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il.3.217

;

ὕπνον ἐπ' ὄμμασι χεῦε Od.5.492

, etc.: sg. in Pi.N.10.63 and Trag. (v. infr.):—Phrases: ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶν τινα look straight at, S.OT 1385 ;

ἀναβλέψαι ὀρθ. ὄμμ. X.HG7.1.30

;

ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν S.OT 528

; also οὐκ οἶδ' ὄμμασιν ποίοις βλέπων πατέρα ποτ' ἂν προσεῖδον how I could have looked him in the face, ib. 1371, cf. Aeschin.3.121 ;

ὁρᾶν τινα ἐν ὄμμασι S.Tr. 241

; ποῖον ὄ. πατρὶ δηλώσω ; Id.Aj. 462 ; τέοισί με χρὴ ὄμμασι.. φαίνεσθαι; Hdt.1.37 ; λαμπρὸς ὄμματι radiant in look or expression, S.OT81 ;

ἄλλοσ' ὄ. θἀτέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔχειν Id.Tr. 272

; προσέσχον ὄ. turned their eyes on him, E.HF 931 ; ἐς σὸν ἐλθεῖν ὄ. come within sight of thee, Id.Heracl. 887 ; κατ' ὄμματα before one's eyes, S.Ant. 760 ; κατ' ὄμμα ἐλθεῖν face to face, E.Andr. 1064 ; κατ' ὄμμα στῆναι in full sight, openly, ib. 1117 ; opp. νύκτωρ, Id.Ba. 469 ; κρατιστεύων κατ' ὄμμα in eye-sight, of the Sun, S.Tr. 102 (lyr.) (but λαμπρὰ καὶ κατ' ὄμμα καὶ φύσιν is dub. in 379) ; πρευμενοῦς ἀπ' ὄμματος ἰδέσθαι look kindly on, A.Supp. 210 ;

πεύθομαι δ' ἀπ' ὀμμάτων νόστον Id.Ag. 988

(lyr.) ; ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων to judge by the eye, S.OC15, cf. E.Med. 216 ; ἐν ὄμμασι before one's eyes, A.Pers. 604 ;

ἐν τοῖς ὄ. Th.2.11

;

ἐπ' ὀμμάτων E. Supp. 1153

(lyr.) ; so παρ' ὄμμα, εἰ δ' ἦν παρ' ὄμμα θάνατος ib. 484 ; ἐξ ὀμμάτων out of sight, Id.IA 743 ;

ἄπειμ' ἐξ ὀ. Phryn.Trag.21

; πρὸ ὀμμάτων τίθεσθαι, ποιεῖν, Arist.Po. 1455a23, Rh. 1386a34 ; πρὸ ὀ. θέσις Polystr.l.c.

2 metaph.,

τὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ὄ. Pl.R. 533d

, Iamb.Protr. 21.κδ'.

II the eye of heaven, i.e. the sun,

ὄ. αἰθέρος Ar.Nu. 285

, cf. E.IT 194 (anap.) ; but ὄ. νυκτός is a periphrasis for night (v. infr. v), ἕως.. νυκτὸς ὄμμ' ἀφείλετο (sc. τὴν μάχην) A.Pers. 428 ; ὅταν δὲ νυκτὸς ὄ. λυγαίας μόλῃ the dark night, E.IT 110 ;

νυκτὸς ὄ. τῆς μελαμπέπλου Alex.89

; cf.

ὀφθαλμός 111

,

βλέφαρον 11

.

III generally, light: hence, metaph., that which brings light, ὄμμα ξείνοισι a light to strangers, Pi.P.5.56 ;

ὄ. δόμων νομίζω δεσπότου παρουσίαν A.Pers. 169

;

ἄελπτον ὄμμ' ἐμοὶ φήμης ἀνασχὸν τῆσδε S.Tr. 203

.

2 metaph., anything dear or precious, as the apple of an eye,

ὄ. γὰρ πάσης χθονὸς.. ἐξίκοιτ' ἄν A.Eu. 1025

.

IV face or human form,

ὦ δυσθέατον ὄ. S.Aj. 1004

;

ἐμπαίει τί μοι ψυχῇ ξύνηθες ὄ. Id.El. 903

;

τὸ ἐρωτικὸν ὄ. Pl.Phdr. 253e

: as periphr. of the person, ὄ. πελείας, = πελεία, S.Aj. 140 (anap.) ; ὄ. νύμφας, = νύμφα, Id.Tr. 527 (lyr.) ; ξύναιμον ὄ., = ξυναίμων, Id.Aj. 977 ; ὦ ταυρόμορφον ὄ. Κηφισοῦ, = ὦ ταυρόμορφε Κηφισέ, E. Ion 1261 ; v. supr. 11 and cf. ὄνομα IV.

V ὄ. τυκτόν eye-hole in a helmet, Nonn.D.22.62.

χωρέω fut. χωρήσω; 1 aor. ἐχώρησα; pf. κεχώρηκα (Just., Tat., Ath.) (Hom.+)

① to make movement from one place or position to another, go, go out/away, reach (Trag. et al.; pap)

ⓐ lit. (Just., A I, 19, 5 εἰς ἐκεῖνο χωρεῖν ἕκαστον ἐξ οὗπερ ἐγένετο) of food εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν χωρεῖ Mt 15:17 (=εἰσπορεύεται Mk 7:19.—Aristot., Probl. 1, 55 the drink εἰς τὰς σάρκας χωρεῖ). τοιαύτη διὰ τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔκρυσις ἐχώρησεν so strong was the discharge from his (Judas’s) body that it affected an entire region Papias (3:3). Of pers. εἰς τὸν ἴδιον τόπον μέλλει χωρεῖν IMg 5:1; cp. IEph 16:2. οὗ μέλλουσι χωρήσειν, τοῦτο that, to which they are destined to go Dg 8:2. εἴς τινα to someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 95 §395 χ. ἐς τὸν ἀδελφόν; 5, 29 §114) of Christ, who has gone to the Father IMg 7:2. ἔτι κάτω χώρει go down still farther Mt 20:28 D. Of the head of a tall figure χωροῦσα μέχρι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ it reached up to the sky GPt 10:40 (like Eris: Il. 4, 443).

ⓑ fig., of a report (Pla., Ep. 7, 333a; 338b λόγος ἐχώρει) εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐχώρησεν it has reached us 1 Cl 47:7. εἰς μετάνοιαν χωρεῖν come to repentance 2 Pt 3:9 (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 30 §115 ἐς ἀπόστασιν χ.=turned to revolt). εἴς τι ἀγαθὸν χωρεῖν lead to some good B 21:7 (Soph., El. 615 εἰς ἔργον; Aristoph., Ran. 641 ἐς τὸ δίκαιον).

② to make an advance in movement, be in motion, go forward, make progress (Pla., Cratyl. 19, 402a the saying of Heraclitus πάντα χωρεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει; Hdt. 3, 42; 5, 89; 7, 10; 8, 68; Aristoph., Pax 472; 509, Nub. 907; Polyb. 10, 35, 4; 28, 15, 12; Dionys. Hal. 1, 64, 4; Plut., Galba 1057 [10, 1]; TestIss 1:11 v.l.; Jos., Ant. 12, 242; PTebt 27, 81 ἕκαστα χωρῆσαι κατὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν πρόθεσιν) ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐμὸς οὐ χωρεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν my word makes no headway among you J 8:37 (Moffatt; cp. Weymouth. Eunap., Vi. Soph. p. 103 χωρεῖ λόγος). Or perh. (as in 1b above) there is no place in you for my word (NRSV; cp. Goodsp. and 20th Cent.; Field, Notes 94f, w. ref. to Alciphron, Ep. 3, 7; Bultmann; DTabachovitz, Till betydelsen av χωρεῖν Joh. 8:37: Eranos 31, ’33, 71f.—Perh. also=χώραν ἔχειν Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 70 §289 ὀλίγην ἐν αὐτοῖς χώραν ἔχειν; Alex. Aphr., Fat. 6 p. 169, 31 Br. χώραν ἐν αὐτοῖς ἔχει τὸ παρὰ φύσιν ‘even that which is contrary to nature has room [to be practiced] among them’; Ath., R. 20 p. 73, 18 οὐδʼ οὕτως ἕξει χώραν ἡ κατʼ αὐτῆς κρίσις not even so would any judgment of [the soul] take place).

③ to have room for, hold, contain

ⓐ lit., of vessels that hold a certain quantity (Hdt. et al.; Diod S 13, 83, 3 of stone πίθοι: χ. ἀμφορεῖς χιλίους; 3 Km 7:24; 2 Ch 4:5 χ. μετρητάς; EpArist 76 χωροῦντες ὑπὲρ δύο μετρητάς; TestNapht 2:2) J 2:6; cp. Hs 9, 2, 1. In a hyperbolic expr. οὐδʼ αὐτὸν τὸν κόσμον χωρῆσαι (v.l. χωρήσειν) τὰ γραφόμενα βιβλία J 21:25 (Philo, Ebr. 32 οὐδὲ τῶν δωρεῶν ἱκανὸς οὐδεὶς χωρῆσαι τὸ ἄφθονον πλῆθος, ἴσως δὲ οὐδʼ ὁ κόσμος ‘no one, probably not even the world, is capable of containing the inexhaustible multitude of their gifts’. On this subj. cp. Pind., O. 2, 98–100, N. 4, 71f; s. also ELucius, Die Anfänge des Heiligenkults 1904, 200, 1; OWeinreich, Antike Heilungswunder 1909, 199–201). Of a space that holds people (Thu. 2, 17, 3; Diod S 13, 61, 6 μὴ δυναμένων χωρῆσαι τῶν τριήρων τὸν ὄχλον=be able to hold the crowd; Plut., Mor. 804b; of theater capacity PSI 186, 4 χωρήσει τὸ θέαδρον [sic]; Gen 13:6; Jos., Bell, 6, 131) without an obj. (cp. οὐ χάρτης χωρεῖ in late pap = the sheet of paper is not large enough) ὥστε μηκέτι χωρεῖν μηδὲ τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν so that there was no longer any room, even around the door Mk 2:2. Cp. Hm 5, 2, 5. Of God πάντα χωρῶν, μόνος δὲ ἀχώρητος ὤν containing everything, but the only one uncontained Hm 1:1; quite sim. PtK 2 p. 13, 24 (Mel., P. 5, 38 Χριστός, ὸ̔ς κεχώρηκεν τὰ πάντα).